آموزش DTO (Data Transfer Object) در پی اچ پی

// Without DTO - Prone to errors
function processUser($data) {
    $name = $data['name'];  // What if 'name' doesn't exist?
    $email = $data['email']; // What if it's not a valid email?
}

// With DTO - Type-safe and clear
function processUser(UserDto $data) {
    $name = $data->name;    // IDE autocompletion works
    $email = $data->email;  // Property is guaranteed to exist
}

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class UserDto
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $name,
        public readonly string $email,
        public readonly ?string $address,
        public readonly DateTime $createdAt = new DateTime()
    ) {}

    public static function fromRequest(Request $request): self
    {
        return new self(
            name: $request->input('name'),
            email: $request->input('email'),
            address: $request->input('address'),
        );
    }
}

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;

class UserDto
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $name,
        public readonly string $email,
        public readonly ?string $address,
    ) {
        $this->validateEmail();
    }

    public static function fromRequest(Request $request): self
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'name' => ['required', 'string', 'max:100'],
            'email' => ['required', 'email', 'max:200'],
            'address' => ['nullable', 'string', 'max:500'],
        ]);

        return new self(
            name: $validated['name'],
            email: $validated['email'],
            address: $validated['address'] ?? null,
        );
    }

    private function validateEmail(): void
    {
        if (!filter_var($this->email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
            throw new ValidationException('Invalid email format');
        }
    }
}

// Controller
public function createUser(Request $request)
{
    $userDto = UserDto::fromRequest($request);

    // DTO guarantees type safety and data validity
    $user = $this->userService->createUser($userDto);

    return response()->json($user);
}

// Service
public function createUser(UserDto $dto): User
{
    // Safely access validated and typed properties
    return User::create([
        'name' => $dto->name,
        'email' => $dto->email,
        'address' => $dto->address,
    ]);
}